ALB and colon carcinoma: In the context of emergency surgery, Kumar et al. measured pre- and postoperative serum albumin levels in 50 patients requiring exploratory laparotomy for organ perforation (n=25), obstruction (n=8), abdominal tuberculosis (n=5), splenic injury (n=4), stab wound (n=3), colon carcinoma (n=3), and sigmoid volvulus (n=2) (Kumar & Sivakumar, 2020).