Leptin can also modulate cell death by inhibiting apoptosis through the upregulation of Bcl expression (namely Bcl-xl, Bak, and Bax) and induce angiogenesis by stimulating HIF-1α and NF-kB, resulting in increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in breast cancer models. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is breast carcinoma.