RORA and diabetes mellitus: We then evaluated the microbial populations of the treated mice using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the results showed that maternal diabetes (STZ/WT) treatment achieved significant differences in gut microbial composition compared to the CTL/WT group; in general, the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominate the microbiome of CTL/WT mice, while a shift towards Firmicutes and Actinobacteria occurred in STZ/WT mice; RORA deficiency (RORA−/−) mimicked the effect of STZ/WT treatment (see Fig. 7f).