However, we found that the CRISPR-Cas(+) phage, isolated from the same stool sample as the PLE10 V. cholerae isolates and naturally possessing spacers specific to both PLE1 and PLE10, could overcome PLE10 during infection and that this activity was dependent on ICP1’s CRISPR-Cas system (Fig. 3F). This evidence concerns the gene ATP8B1 and infection.