DES and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Given the role of HSPB5 in the remodeling of the cytoskeleton during cell differentiation, development and under stress stimuli, HSPB5 mutations cause several skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders, such as dilated (DCM) and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathy, and desmin-related myopathies (DRM) (reviewed in [93]).