CRYAB and ischemia: Indeed, the alteration of any of the three major components (i.e., microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments) induced by different stimuli (e.g., heat shock, oxidative stress, and ischemia) has been demonstrated to induce the phosphorylation of HSPB5 through specific activation of p38MAPK and MAPKAP kinases 2 and 3, as well as its protein synthesis [47,53,58,100,101,102].