The finding that APS can regulate the expression of galectin-1 muscle in in vitro experiments using T1DM rats, leading to the apoptosis of CD8+ T cells, may be an important, as this is the mechanism through which AP protects pancreatic islets from β-cell CD8+ T cells in inducing apoptosis in T1DM in vivo [90]. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.