Importantly, Z-ligustilide (40 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated both AD-related neuropathological signs (Abeta, amyloid precursor protein, and phosphorylated Tau immunoreactivity) and proinflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB) in the hippocampus of Wistar rats [86]. Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.