Ligation of TLR4 caused a significant upregulation of the AML cell mediator release, including increased levels of interleukins (especially IL6 but also IL1β and IL1 receptor antagonist), chemokines (CCL2-5, CXCL1/5/8/10), growth factors (G-CSF/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Hepatocyte growth factor) and proteases (Matrix metalloprotease(MMP)1/2/9). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and acute myeloid leukemia.