At 10 nmol/L concentration in human non-cancer cells, melatonin selectively upregulated transcription of pluripotency and differentiation markers such as NANOG [823], completely contrary to findings in ovarian cancer stem cell experiments where melatonin inhibited the invasion and migration of cancer stem cells by inhibiting NANOG expression, albeit at exceptionally high concentrations between 3.4 and 6.3 mM [824]. Here, NANOG is linked to ovarian cancer.