VCAM1 and atherosclerosis: In atherosclerosis model (LPS-stimulated Bovine aortic endothelial cells/plasmid transfected endothelial cells/HUVECS/VSMC), SFN reduced the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) [144], VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) [138,140], E-selectin, and MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) [138,145].