VCAM1 and atherosclerosis: Specifically, PEITC decreased ROS production, upregulated Nrf2/ARE driven expression (HO-1, GSH, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM)), downregulated expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, NF-κB-p65, p-IκB-α, inhibited adhesion of monocytes to endothelium and therefore protected arteries from endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis [170].