The ability of SFN to modulate Nrf2/Keap (Nrf2/kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), NF-κB, AGE/RAGE (advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end-product), and adenosine 5‘-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways as well as adhesion molecules expression have been correlated with protection against cardiovascular related inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF) [126]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and diabetes mellitus.