This will ultimately allow global uniform decision-making based on TSAT/hepcidin ratios; (iv) we described in detail the baseline characteristics and comorbid conditions that could have influenced hepcidin production in IDA controls, which indicate that severe IDA is a stronger suppressor of hepcidin than hepcidin induction by obesity or mild to moderate chronic kidney disease. This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.