With LPS injection alone, there was an increase in serum bacteria-free DNA (Figure 4A) without bacteremia (data not shown), possibly due to LPS-induced gut leakage (FITC-dextran assay), which facilitated LPS effects, either on hepatic damage (serum alanine transaminase and cytokines from liver tissue) or systemic inflammation (serum cytokines) (Figure 4B–I). Here, GPT is linked to bacterial infectious disease with sepsis.