Immunoblotting for detection of proteins involved in apoptosis and protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway associating with β cells mass and insulin resistance [87] revealed that G. bimaculatus prevented streptozotocin-induced pancreatic damage, while enhancing AKT and mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling involving phosphorylated form of mTOR, 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (p70S6K) and 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) in the pancreas. Here, AKT1 is linked to Insulin resistance.