One RAGE ligand, neutrophil-derived S100A12 (calgranulin C), has been shown to be elevated in bowel biopsies of patients with Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD), which was associated with increased neutrophil migration, transient openings of intercellular junctions and increased NF-κB activation in the gut epithelium [65]. Here, S100A12 is linked to ulcerative colitis.