Excessive IL-1R1 activation underlies a wide range of different CNS pathological conditions characterized by strong neuroinflammatory components such as AD [63,64,65], PD [66,67], ALS [68,69], multiple sclerosis [70,71,72], traumatic brain injury [54,73], Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease [74], HIV-1 encephalitis [75] and age-related macular degeneration [76]. Here, IL1R1 is linked to multiple sclerosis.