The excessive stimulation of the IL-1/IL-1R1 molecular networks is associated with the pathogenesis of several disorders, extending from autoinflammatory diseases such as familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and deficiency in IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), to rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, cancer and neuroinflammation-associated neurodegenerative diseases. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and type 2 diabetes mellitus.