The IL-1 inflammatory cytokine has been shown to be upregulated in a wide range of human pathologies, ranging from monogenic autoinflammatory diseases such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), to rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases [8,10,11]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and neurodegenerative disease.