Therefore, proinflammatory cytokine-mediated changes of the expression and enzymatic activities of S1P metabolizing enzymes as well of S1P receptors and transporters by regulating the amount of S1P transported inside–out by pancreatic beta-cells may participate in the attraction of immune cells and inflammation of islets in T1DM. The gene discussed is MBTPS1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.