Though no detailed data exist so far regarding the expression pattern of S1P receptors, transporters and metabolic enzymes in human pancreas, the in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that S1P may be implicated in the regulation of insulin biosynthesis, secretion and beta-cell fate under conditions simulating T1DM and T2DM development. This evidence concerns the gene MBTPS1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.