A retrospective cohort study evaluating the association between CRP levels and increased risk of de novo MDD, recruiting 1494 women randomly selected and assessed through the Structured Clinical Interview for DS-IV-TR Research Version, Non-Patient edition (SCID-I/NP), reported a hazard ratio for depression increased by 44% for each standard deviation increase in log-transformed hs-CRP, indicating that serum hs-CRP was an independent risk factor for de novo MDD in women [93]. Here, CRP is linked to depressive symptom measurement.