COL4A1 and microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy, pontine, autosomal dominant: Pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy (PADMAL) is a rare hereditary subtype of cerebral small vessel disease, caused by mutations in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the COL4A1 (collagen type IV alpha 1 chain) gene [35].