SNCA and Parkinson disease: In 2009, a GWAS of PD identified polymorphisms in SNCA, LRRK2, and PARK16 (NUCS1-RAB7L1-SLC41A1), microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT), and bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 (BST1) as common genetic risk factors for PD [15,16].