Mutations in all sodium channel ancillary subunits have been reported in atrial fibrillation patients [395,396,397,398], while only mutations in Mog1 [375,399], ankyrin [400,401], alpha-actinin [402], and caveolin [403] have been associated with atrial fibrillation among those other SCN5A/Nav1.5 interacting proteins. This evidence concerns the gene RANGRF and atrial fibrillation.