Therefore, our results here showing that the expression of nuclear IKKα in C57 cells worsen the malignant characteristics of tumor keratinocytes are in agreement with our previous findings in chemical skin carcinogenesis experiments in transgenic mice, which showed that non-tumorigenic keratinocytes expressing increased levels of IKKα in the nucleus lead to an enhanced progression of SCCs [15]; they also agree with results showing that in human patients, skin SCCs expressing higher levels of nuclear IKKα are more aggressive and present higher risk of metastasis [5]. The gene discussed is CHUK; the disease is neoplasm.