Consistent with these results, Allen Waziri et al. demonstrated that a significant proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) within GBM were CD4 single-positive CD3+ CD56+ T cells producing IL-4, IL-13, which suggests that suppression of CTLs may be regulated within the GBM microenvironment via inducing GM-CSF secretion by myeloid suppressor cells. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and glioblastoma.