Genetic alterations implicated in ESCC are gene mutations (TP53, PIK3CA, NOTCH1, FAT1, FAT2, KMT2D, ZNF750), the frequently observed amplification and overexpression of the CCND1 gene, and the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes such as TP53, APC, CDKN2A, and FHIT [202]. Here, TP53 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.