Contrariwise, a proinsulin-raising variant was associated with lower fasting glucose (0.019 mg/dL per allele; p = 1.7 × 10−4), lower A1C (0.023%; p = 0.02), improved β-cell function (p = 1.1 × 10−5) and a lower risk of T2D (OR = 0.88; p = 7.8 × 10−6) [48]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.