Gut microbiota dysbiosis has also been previously linked to obesity and food addiction due to interactions along the gut-brain axis via altered inflammatory signals such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 beta, plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [34], and neuroactive metabolites [35]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.