Studies carried out in the Ghanaian cohort, in which genotype frequencies of variants of the genes IL-4, IL-13, IL-4R, IL-13RA1 and IL-13RA2 were assigned to the size and number of cavities in patients with TB, showed that some variants of IL-4RA and IL-13RA2 are associated with greater risk of cavity development or progression, pointing to a role for both IL-4Rα and the IL-13Rα2 in the pathogenesis and progression of TB [56]. Here, IL4 is linked to tuberculosis.