Compared with mice without endotoxemia subjected to VT = 10 mL/kg and with nonventilated control mice, mice with endotoxemia subjected to MV exhibited an upregulation of mitochondrial DNA but downregulation of Tfam (a factor necessary for mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription) [16] (Figure 2C,D). This evidence concerns the gene TFAM and serum lipopolysaccharide activity.