The exacerbation of pre-existing fatty liver seems to frequently involve increased DNL, either directly via the activation of different lipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ and PXR, or indirectly through hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia, which can, in turn, activate SREBP1c and ChREBP, respectively (Figure 1). The gene discussed is MLXIPL; the disease is Hyperglycemia.