Second, proinflammatory cytokine responses involving IL1, TNFα and IL6/IL6 family members can induce the systemic acute-phase response, and the same cytokines can also contribute to the aging effect on normal hematopoiesis as well as to the development of anemia due to a specific cause, e.g., they are important in the development of cancer-associated anemia (Section 2.4 and Section 6.3). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is anemia (phenotype).