The concentrations of IL-1a, IL-1b (precursor and mature forms), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were measured using ELISA in tear fluid samples obtained from normal individuals and from patients with dry eye with rosacea-associated meibomian gland disease (MGD) and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) or aqueous tear deficiency (ATD). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is rosacea.