Likewise, elevated FGF23 had stronger associations with chronic HF than with atherosclerotic events (including MI, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease) in a prospective cohort of CKD [15], and data from the community-based Framingham Heart Study showed that FGF23 was positively associated with all-cause mortality but not with vascular function or incident cardiovascular disease [16]. This evidence concerns the gene FGF23 and chronic kidney disease.