Both risk scores (Framingham and D:A:D) were used as the dependent variables, and duration of infection, patient group, nadir CD4 cell count, current HIV-RNA, BMI, systolic BP, diastolic BP, trunk/appendicular fat ratio, triglycerides, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, cumulative NRTI and PI exposure, AIDS, C reactive protein, and GDF15 levels were used as independent variables. The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is infection.