Gold nanoparticles, among the most widely researched and promising exogenous contrast agents [109], were synthesized as gold nanoclusters with strands of polyallylamine and their surface-functionalized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to serve as diagnostic in vivo PA contrast agents as well as hyperthermic-anticancer agents—for 4T1 tumor-bearing mice [110]. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is neoplasm.