It was found that significant increases in Th1 cell-associated cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 mRNA expression, were detected in the islets [52], and disrupting the production of IFN-γ or IL-12 could ameliorate DM development in these animals, suggesting a strong correlation between Th1 cell-mediated cellular immune response and pathogenesis of MLD-STZ-induced DM [2,71]. Here, TNF is linked to diabetes mellitus.