To answer this question, we would like to highlight that these 57 proteins as VHL substrate candidates have met three criteria (Figure 5A): ubiquitinated in 786-O-VHL cells based on our data; downregulated at the protein level in 786-O-VHL cells based on our data; upregulated at the protein level in ccRCC tumors based on the CPTAC database. Here, VHL is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.