ACTA1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Furthermore, DHLF-IPF cells were treated with NEN (1 μM) for 24 h, and the mRNA levels of ACTA2, FN1, and COL1A1 (Figure 3D), as well as the protein expression of α-SMA, VIM, and FN (Figure 3G and Supplementary Figure S1B), were all impeded.