KRAS and lung carcinoma: As shown in Table 1, at least one oncogenic alteration was detected in the primary lung cancer tissues from 102 of the 123 patients (82.93%) including EGFR mutations in 81 patients (65.85%), KRAS mutations in nine patients (7.32%), ALK fusions in three patients (2.44%), NRAS mutations in one patient (0.81%), HER2 mutations in two patients (1.63%), RET fusions in two patients (1.63%), ROS1 fusion in one patient (0.81%), BRAF mutation in one patient (0.81%), PIK3CA & EGFR co-mutations in one patient (0.81%) and HER2 & NRAS co-mutations in one patient (0.81%) (Table 2).