PDK1 and renal cell carcinoma: As the backbone of cancer cells’ biological events, cancer growth and survival have been extensively confirmed to be related to dysfunctional PDK1 signaling in various cancers, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells [42], hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells [43], human glioblastoma cells [44,45], melanoma, and colon cancer cells [46].