PRKCI and neoplasm: We and others have shown that PRKCI is consistently elevated in PDAC compared to paired normal tissue [19,20], and that inhibition of PKCι expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines significantly reduces pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro, and tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in vivo demonstrating that PKCι is required for the transformed phenotype of PDAC cells [20].