CTLA4 and melanoma: When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from melanoma patients who received a CTLA-4 blockade, tremelimumab, were activated in vitro, there was no difference in the levels of Th17 between patients with or without antitumor effects, but a marked increase in IL-17 and Th17 cells was observed in patients with inflammatory and autoimmune responses [48].