Inhibitors of PD-1, PD-L1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are currently and successfully used in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer, advanced melanoma, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, among others [9,10,11,12,13]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.