AKT1 and glioblastoma: In addition, a number of survival pathways are frequently upregulated in GBM, including the PI3K/AKT pathway, which facilitates repair and may be antiapoptotic (reviewed in [26]), as well as the Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), and Wnt pathways that are associated with stem-cell properties and therapy resistance (reviewed in [27]).