A phase 2 study was then conducted in which 43 patients with BCG unresponsive NMIBC (TaT1/HG+/−CIS, or CIS only) intravesically received 1 × 1011 Vp/mL or 3 × 1011 Vp/mL [67]. The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is in situ carcinoma.