ST8SIA1 and breast carcinoma: It has been demonstrated that overexpression of GD3 and GD3S in glioblastoma stem cells plays a key role in tumorigenesis by expression of stemness genes and self-renewal potential [84] and the enzyme is frequently overexpressed in other tumors such as breast cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, and hepatocarcinoma, leading to GD3S being proposed as novel drug targets in cancer [85].