However, only one study reported the evaluation of anti-tumor efficacy of a VCP/p97 inhibitor, DbeQ, in human ER-positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7), showing regulation of cell cycle kinetics through modulation of p21 and p27 protein degradation, and also sensitization of breast cancer cells to several anticancer therapeutics bothin vitroandin vivo [76]. Here, VCP is linked to breast carcinoma.