Our study [25] identified a Kindlin-2/TGF-β/CSF-1 signaling axis, whereby TGF-β signaling modulates cancer cell Kindlin-2-mediated regulation of a CSF-1/EGF autocrine and paracrine oncogenic loop that regulates the crosstalk between cancer cells and type 2 tumorigenic macrophages to promote growth and metastasis of BC tumors. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and cancer.