Murine B16 melanoma and 4T1 breast cancer flank tumours exposed to pHIFU under ultrasound guidance using the Alpinion VIFU 2000 small animal treatment platform (Alpinion Medical Systems, Bothell, WA, USA) created an anti-tumour immune microenvironment by decreasing the expression of IL10, TGF-β, IL12p40, IL12p70 and increasing ICAM (B16 tumours) and IL17, CXCL10, ICAM and RANTES (parameters:P– ~6 MPa, d.c. = 10%, prf = 5 Hz, pulses = 100) [119]. Here, IL17A is linked to neoplasm.