In addition to promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the STAT5–STAT5 dimer upregulates Akt proteins, p85 and p110 for the PI3K pathway to induce tumorigenesis and mutagenesis in several cancers including breast cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, prostate cancer and melanoma [158]. The gene discussed is STAT5A; the disease is prostate carcinoma.