TNF and Hepatic fibrosis: After six months of treatment, 0.5–2% NLE was found to reduce 2-AAF-induced hepatic fibrosis (appears during the development of premalignant lesions) compared to the control (2-AAF-treatment-only rats), lower hepatic fibrosis, reduce liver weight, and enhance antioxidative potential by decreasing lipid peroxidation, levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, α-fetoprotein (AFP), IL-6, TNF-α, AST, ALT, γ-glutamyl transferase (γGT), GSTπ, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG).