Notably, the intensity of COL5A1-positive staining and the number of cells showing subcellular co-localization of COL5A1 and NOX2 or HK2 were significantly elevated in in patients with GBM (G4) relative to that in patients with G3 glioma (G3) (Figure 6c–e). Here, COL5A1 is linked to glioblastoma.